TS Inter 1st Year Syllabus 2025: Direct links to download subject-wise syllabus, important topics

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TS Inter 1st Year Arabic Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Botany Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Chemistry Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Commerce & Accountancy Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year English Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year English ML Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year French Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Geography Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Hindi Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year History Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Kanada Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Marathi Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Mathematics Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Physics Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Sanskrit Syllabus 2025 

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TS Inter 1st Year Zoology Syllabus 2025 

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Chapters

Topics to be covered 

Chapter I Physical World 

What is Physics

Scope and excitement of physics

Physics, technology and society

Fundamental forces in nature

Nature of physical laws

Chapter II Units and Measurements

Introduction 

The International system of units

Measurement of length

Measurement of mass

Measurement of time

Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement

Significant figures

Dimensions of physical quantities

Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations Dimensional analysis and its applications

Chapter III Motion in a Straight Line

Introduction

Position, path length and displacement

Average velocity and average speed

Instantaneous velocity and speed

Acceleration

Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion

Relative velocity

Chapter IV Motion in a Plane

Introduction

Scalars and vectors

Multiplication of vectors by real members

Addition and subtraction of vectors graphical method

Resolution of vectors

Vector addition Analytical method

Motion in a plane

Motion in a plane with constant acceleration

Relative velocity in two dimensions

Projectile motion

Uniform circular motion

Chapter V Laws of Motion

Introduction

Aristotle’s fallacy

The law of inertia

Newton’s first law of motion

Newton’s second law of motion

Newton’s third law of motion

Conservation of momentum

Equilibrium of a particle

Common forces in mechanics, friction Circular motion

Solving problems in mechanics 

Chapter VI Work, Energy & Power

Introduction

Notions of work and kinetic energy: The work-energy theorem. 

Work

Kinetic Energy

Work done by a variable force

The work-energy theorem for a variable force.

The concept of potential energy

The conservation of mechanical energy 

The potential energy of a spring

Various forms of energy: the law of conservation of energy.

Power

Collisions

Chapter VII System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Introduction

Centre of mass. Centre of gravity

Motion of Centre of mass

Linear momentum of a system of particles

Vector product of two vectors

Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, 

kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis.

Torque and angular momentum

Equilibrium of a rigid body

Moment of inertia

Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axis.

Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis.

Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis.

Rolling motion

Chapter VIII Oscillations

Introduction

Periodic and oscillatory motions

Simple Harmonic motions

Simple Harmonic motion and uniform circular 

motion

Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic 

motion

Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic 

motion

Force law for simple harmonic motion

Energy in simple harmonic motion

Some systems executing simple harmonic motion

Damped simple harmonic motion

Forced oscillations and resonance

Chapter IX Gravitation

Introduction

Kepler’s laws

Universal law of gravitation

The gravitational constant

Acceleration due to gravity of the earth

Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth.

Gravitational potential energy

Escape speed

Earth satellite

Energy of an orbiting satellite

Geostationary and polar satellites

Weightlessness

Chapter X Mechanical Properties of Solids

Introduction

Elastic behaviour of solids 

Stress and strain

Hook’s law

Stress – strain curve

Elastic moduli 

Applications of elastic behaviour of materials

Chapter XI Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Introduction

Pressure

Streamline flow

Bernoulli’s principle

Viscosity

Reynolds number

Surface tension

Chapter XII Thermal Properties of Matter

Introduction

Temperature and Heat

Measurement of temperature

Ideal – gas equation and absolute temperature

Thermal expansion

Specific Heat capacity

Calorimetry

Charge of state

Heat transfer

Newton’s law of cooling.

Chapter XIII Thermodynamics

Introduction

Thermal equilibrium

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

Heat, internal energy and work

First law of thermodynamics

Specific heat capacity

Thermodynamic state variables and equation of state

Thermodynamic processes

Heat engines

Refrigerators and heat pumps

Second law of thermodynamics 

Reversible and irreversible processes

Carrot engine, Carnot’s theorem.

Chapter XIV Kinetic Energy

Introduction

Molecular nature of matter

Behaviour of gases

Kinetic theory of an ideal gas

Laws of equipartition of energy

Specific heat capacity

Mean free path

Chapters 

Topics to be covered

Atomic Structure 

1.1 Sub- atomic particles 

1.2 Atomic models- Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom 

1.3 Developments to the Bohr’s model of atom 

1.4 Bohr’s model for hydrogen atom. 

1.5 Towards quantum mechanical model of the atom. 

1.6 Quantum mechanical model of an atom. Important features of quantum mechanical model of atom-orbitals and quantum numbers-shapes of atomic orbitals-energies of orbitals-filling of orbitals in atoms. Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity- Electronic configurations of atoms-Stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties

2.1 Need to classify elements 

2.2 Genesis of periodic classification 

2.3 Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table

2.4 Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than100 

2.5 Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table 

2.6 Electronic configuration and types of elements s,p,d and f 

2.7 Trends in physical properties-periodic trends in chemical properties-Periodic trends and chemical reactivity 

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

3.1 Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical bonding 

3.2 Ionic or electrovalent bond 

3.3 Bond Parameters 

3.4 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. 

3.5 Valence bond theory 

3.6 Hybridisation

3.7 Coordinate bond 

3.8 Molecular orbital theory –bonding in some homonuclear diatomic molecules 

3.9 Hydrogen bonding

States of Matter: Gas & Liquids 

4.1 Intermolecular forces 

4.2 Thermal energy 

4.3 Intermolecular forces Vs Thermal interactions. 

4.4 The gaseous state 

4.5 The gas laws

4.6 Ideal gas equation 

4.7 Graham’s law of diffusion – Dalton’s law of partial pressures 

4.8 Kinetic molecular theory of gases

4.9 Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (no derivation)- Deduction of gas laws from kinetic gas equation 

4.10 Distribution of molecular speeds – rms, average and most probable speeds-kinetic energy of gas molecules 

4.11 Behaviour of real gases – deviation from ideal gas behaviour – compressibility factor Vs pressure diagrams of real gases 

4.12 Liquefaction of gases 

4.13 Liquid state – properties of liquids in terms of inter molecular interactions – vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (Qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivation)

Stoichiometry

5.1 Some basic concepts 

5.2 Laws of chemical combinations, Gay Lussac’s law of Gaseous volumes, Dalton’s atomic theory, Avogadro law 

5.3 Atomic and molecular masses- mole concept and molar mass concept of equivalent weight 

5.4 Percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds 

5.5 Stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations 

5.6 Methods of expressing concentrations of Solutions

5.7 Redox reactions 

5.8 Oxidation number concept 

5.9 Types of redox reactions 

5.10 Balancing of redox reactions – oxidation number method-half reaction (ionelectron) method 

5.11 Redox reactions in titrimetry

Thermodynamics

6.1 Thermodynamic terms 

6.2 Applications-work-enthalpy-extensive and intensive properties-heat capacity 

6.3 Measurement of “U and H”: Calorimetry 

6.4 Enthalpy change, ‘rH’ of reactions 

6.5 Enthalpies for different types of reactions 

6.6 Spontaneity 

6.7 Gibbs Energy change and equilibrium 

6.8 Absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics 

Chemical Equilibrium and Acids-Bases

7.1 Equilibrium in physical process 

7.2 Equilibrium in chemical process – dynamic equilibrium 

7.3 Law of chemical equilibrium - law of mass action and equilibrium constant 

7.4 Homogeneous equilibria, equilibrium constant in gaseous systems, relationship between Kp and Kc 

7.5 Heterogeneous equilibri 

7.6 Applications of equilibrium constant 

7.7 Relationship between equilibrium constant ‘K’, reaction Quotient ‘Q’ and Gibbs energy ‘G’ 

7.8 Factors affecting equilibria,-Le-chatelier’s principle application to industrial synthesis of ammonia and sulphur trioxide

7.9 Ionic equilibrium in solutions. 

7.10 Acids, bases and salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concepts of acids and bases 

7.11 Ionisation of acids and bases 

7.12 Buffer solutions 

7.13 Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts Solubility product constant-common ion effect on solubility of Ionic salts 

Hydrogen and its compounds

8.1 Position of hydrogen in the periodic table 

8.2 Dihydrogen-occurance and isotopes 

8.3 Preparation of dihydrogen 

8.4 Properties of dihydrogen 

8.5 Hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and nonstiochiometric hydrides 

8.6 Water: Physical properties; structure of water, ice chemical properties of water; hard and soft water temporary and permanent hardness of water 

8.7 Hydrogen peroxide: Preparation; physical properties; structure and chemical properties; storage and uses. 

8.8 Heavy water 

8.9 Hydrogen as a fuel

s-Block elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals Group 1 elements)

9.1 Alkali metals; Electronic configurations; atomic and ionic radii; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties; chemical properties; uses 

9.2 General characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: oxides; halides; salts of oxy acids 

9.3 Anomalous properties of lithium: 

9.4 Some important compounds of sodium: Sodium carbonate; sodium chloride; sodium hydroxide; sodium hydrogen carbonate. 

9.5 Biological importance of sodium and potassium.

Group 2 Elements - 

9.6 Alkaline earth elements; Electronic configuration; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties; chemical properties; uses 

9.7 General characteristics of compounds of the 

Alkaline earth metals. oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxyacids (carbonates, sulphates and nitrates) 

9.8 Anomalous behaviour of beryllium; its diagonal relationship with aluminum 

9.9 Some important compounds of calcium 

9.10 Biological importance of calcium and magnesium

p-Block elements Group 13 (Boron Family)

10.1 General introduction – Electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical & chemical properties 

10.2 Important trends and anomalous properties of boron 

10.3 Some important compounds of boron – borax, ortho boric acid, diborane 

10.4 Uses of boron, aluminium and their compounds 

p-Block elements Group 14 (Carbon Family)

11.1 General introduction - Electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical & chemical properties 

11.2 Important trends and anomalous properties of carbon 

11.3 Allotropes of carbon 

11.4 Uses of carbon 

11.5 Some important compounds of carbon and silicon – carbonmonoxide, carbon dioxide, silica, silicones, silicates and zeolites

Environmental Chemistry

12.1 Definition of terms: Air, Water and Soil Pollutions 

12.2 Environmental pollution 

12.3 Atmospheric pollution 

12.4 Acid rain: Particulate pollutants 

12.5 Stratospheric pollution 

12.6 Water pollution 

12.7 Soil Pollution: Pesticides, industrial wastes. 

12.8 Strategies to control environmental pollution

12.9 Green chemistry

Organic Chemistry-some basic principles and techniques and hydrocarbons

13.1 General introduction 

13.2 Tetravalency of Carbon: shapes of organic compounds 

13.3 Structural representations of organic compounds 

13.4 Classification of organic compounds 

13.5 Nomenclature of organic compounds 

13.6 Isomerism 

13.7 Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanisms 

13.8 Methods of purification of organic compounds 

13.9 Qualitative elemental analysis of organic compounds 

13.10 Quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds

Hydrocarbons

13.11 Classification of hydrocarbons 

13.12 Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations of ethane only) preparation of alkanes -properties of alkanes 

13.13 Alkenes- Nomenclature, structure of ethane, isomerism (structural and geometrical)-methods of preparation of alkenes-properties of alkenes

13.14 Alkynes - Nomenclature and isomerism, structure of acetylene methods of preparation of acetylene-physical properties and chemical reactions of alkynes

13.15 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and isomerism structure of benzene, resonance and aromaticity-preparation of benzene physical and chemical properties of benzene-directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene. 

Carcinogenicity and toxicity

Unit

Chapters

Set and Function

Sets

Relations and Functions

Trigonometric Functions

Algebra

Principle of Mathematical Induction

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Linear Inequalities

Permutations and Combinations

Binomial Theorem

Sequences and Series

Coordinate Geometry

Straight Lines

Conic Sections

Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

Calculus

Limits and Derivatives

Mathematical Reasoning

Mathematical Reasoning

Statistics and Probability

Probability

Statistics

Unit

Topics

Diversity in the Living World

The Living World: What is living?, Diversity in the living world, Taxonomic categories and Taxonomic aids

Biological Classification: Five kingdom classification, Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia, Three domains of life, Viruses, Viroids, Prions, and Lichens

Science of Plants – Botany: Origin, Development, Branches of botany, Branches of Botany

, Plant Kingdom, Salient features, Classification and alterations of generations of plants (Algae, Bryophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms)

Structural Organisation in Plants – Morphology

Morphology of Flowering Plants: Vegetative Parts of a typical angiosperm plant, Vegetative morphology and modifications, Roots, stem, and leaf, Types, venation, phyllotaxy, Reproductive, Inflorescence, Racemose, cymose, and special types, parts of a flower and detailed description, Aestivation, Placentation, Types of fruits

Reproduction in Plants

Modes of Reproduction: Asexual reproduction, Binary fission, Sporulation, Budding, Fragmentation, Vegetative propagation in plants, Sexual reproduction in brief, Overview of angiosperm life cycle

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Stamen, Microsporangium, Pollen grain, Pistil, Megasporangium and embryo sac, Development of male and female gametophytes, Pollination – types, agents, Out breeding devices, Pollen – pistil interactions, Double fertilisation, Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed, Structure of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds, Significance of fruits and seeds, Special modes – apoximis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony

Plant Systematics

Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Introduction, Types of Systems of classification, Semi-technical description of a typical flowering plant, Description of families, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae

Cell Structure and Functions

Cell: The unit of Life: Cell theory – overview of the cell, Prokaryotic cells

Ultra structure of plant cell, Cell membrane, Cell wall, Cell organelles, Cilia, flagella, Cytoskeleton, Nucleus, Chromosomes: Number and structural organisation, Nucleosome

Biomolecules: Structure and function of

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids

Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Cell cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Significance

Internal Organisation of Plants

Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Tissues – types, structure and functions, Meristematic, permanent tissues, Simple and complex tissues, Tissue systems – types, structure and functions, Epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems, Anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, Root, stem, and leaf, Secondary growth in dicot stem and dicot root

Plant Ecology

Ecological Adaptation, Succession and Ecological Services: Plant communities, Ecological adaptations, Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes, Plant succession, Ecological services – carbon fixation, oxygen release and pollination

Section

Topics

Grammar

Parts of Speech

Articles

Prepositions

Tenses

Transformation

Correction of Errors in Sentences

Word Grammar

Study Skills

Comprehension

Poems

Happiness – Carl Sandburg

A Red Red Rose – Robert Burns

The Beggar – Dr. Ammangi Venugopal

The Noble Nature – Ben Johnson

Keep Going – Edgar Guest

Prose

Two Sides of Life – Booker T Washington

Father, Dear Father – Raj Kinger

The Green Champion – Thimmakka

The First Four Minutes – Roger Bannister

Box and Cox – John Maddison Morton

Playing the Game – Arthur Mee

Short Stories

The Five Boons of Life – Mark Twain

The Short-sighted Brothers – Folklore

Sanghala Panthulu – Suravaram Prathapa Reddy

The Dinner Party – Mona Gardner