NIOS 10th Syllabus 2025: Latest NIOS Class 10 Syllabus & Other details

Group A subjects

Group B subjects

English

Hindi

Urdu

Bengali

Telugu

Gujarati

Kannada

Punjabi

Nepali

Assamese

Marathi

Sanskrit

Malayalam

Odia

Arabic

Persian

Tamil

Mathematics

Science and Technology

Social Science

Economics 

Business Studies

Home Science

Data Entry Operations

Psychology

Indian Culture and Heritage 

Accountancy

Painting 

Data Entry Operations

Sections in the question paper

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Section A: Reading

15

Section B: Writing

25

Section C: Grammar

30

Section D: Literature

30

TOTAL MARKS

100

Prose and Poems

• The Mountain Goat 
• The Most Difficult thing in the World 
• How The Squirrel Got His Stripes 
• Snake Bite 
• Childhood Day 
• Kondiba – A Hero 
• The King and The Tamarind Tree 
• Naina’s Village 
• Tall Trees
• A Tiger Comes To Town (I) 
• A Tiger Comes To Town (II) 
• The Story of Anju Dua 
• Shining Thing
• The Two Mares 
• A Birthday Letter 
• How Noise Affects Our Life 
• My Elder Brother 
• Indian Weavers
• Amartya Sen 
• The Last Stone Mason 
• The Wondrful World
•  Stealing and Atonement 
• Gentleman In White 
• My Visions For India 
• Caring For Others 
• Hills Station, Darjeeling 
• A Prayer For Heading
• The Way You Look 
• New Goods From Rubbish 
• Studies In The Park 
• Truth* 
• The Return of The Lion 
• Reading With Understanding 
• Filling Up Forms, Cheques etc

Theme 

Module 

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Theme 1: Measurement

Module-1: Measurement in Science & Technology

4

Theme 2: Matter Around Us

Module-2: Matter - Structure and Behaviour

12

Theme 3: Energy

Module-3: Motion and Force

5

Module-4: Energy

14

Theme 4: The Universe

Module-5: The Universe and our Earth

6

Theme 5: Natural Resources and Our Environment

Module-6: Our Environment and Natural Resources

8

Module-7: Man Made Resources and Environmental Problems

5

Theme 6: The Living World

Module-8: Life Processes

17

Module-9: Health, Hygiene and Diseases

4

Module-10: Agricultural Practices

4

Theme 7: Technological Developments

Module-11:Technology and Communication

6

TOTAL MARKS (THEORY)

85

TOTAL MARKS (PRACTICAL)

15

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Topics

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Module 1: Evolution of Human Society

Historical Perspective 

a. Pre-historic society: Bronze age civilizations- Harappan, Mesopotamian, Chinese, and Egyptian civilizations. Iron age civilizations-Indian, Greek, Roman and Iranian Civilization

b. Medieval world: religious and cultural developments and the features of the feudal system

c. Beginning of the modern age- Rise of modern science, Industrial revolution, American, French and Russian revolutions, and Movement for Democracy

d. Colonialism in Asia and Africa

e. The First World War, League of Nations, rise of Fascism and Nazism, Second World War, the United Nations

Contemporary World 

Issues in World Order (since 1945) and emerging global village

17 

Module 2: India: Natural Environment, Resources and Development

1. Physiography-location, relief, structure, major physiographic units

2. Drainage; Role of rivers in the economy; Pollution of rivers and its control

3. Climate: Factors influencing climate; Monsoon-Its characteristics. Distribution of Rainfall and Temperature; Formation of seasons; Climate and Human Life 

4. Vegetation and wildlife of India 

5. Soil and Water Resources: land as a resource, soil formation, types and distribution: changing land – use pattern: land degradation and conservation measures. Water resources- sources, distribution, utilisation, multi-purpose projects, and water scarcity, need for conservation and management, water harvesting

6. Mineral and Power Resources: Types of Minerals, Distribution, Use and Economic Importance of Minerals, Conservation. Power Resources L Types of Power resources – conventional and Nonconventional, Distribution and Utilisation, and Conservation

7. Agriculture: Types of Farming, Major Crops, Cropping Patter, Technological and Institutional Reforms; Their Impact; Contribution of Agriculture of National Economy-Employment and Output, Food Security, Impact of Globalisation

8. Manufacturing Industries: Types, spatial distribution and contribution of Industries to the national economy

15

Module 3: India : People, Society and Culture

1. People: demographic aspects- quantitative and qualitative; population as a resource; social structure-caste, class, kinship, and religion 

2. Culture- cultural heritage 

Meaning of culture, factors influencing cultures, different components of culture – Tradition, aesthetics, art, architecture, literature, science and technology, beliefs and practices, religion, unity in diversity. 

Heritage: Natural and Cultural; Preserving Heritage: need, and measures for their preservation.

12

Module 4: India’s Struggle for Freedom

1. Establishment of British rule in India and its impact 

2. Religious and social reform movements; 

3. Indian National Movement (1857-1927): towards an organised movement for freedom. 

4. Indian National Movement (1927-1947): towards a mass struggle-participation of diverse sections of the Indian society

15

Module 5: Citizen, State and the Constitution

1. Framing of the Constitution; 

2. Preamble and features of the Constitution 

3. Citizenship 

4. Fundamental Rights a. Meaning of Fundamental Rights and its significance b. Provisions of the constitution regarding Fundamental Rights 

5. Human Rights - National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) 

6. Fundamental Duties a. Meaning of Fundamental Duties and relationship between Rights and Duties b. Provisions of the Constitution regarding Fundamental Duties. 

7. Directive Principles of State Policy a. Meaning of Directive Principles of State Policy b. The constitutional provisions regarding Directive Principles of State Policy and its significance.

13

Module 6: Democracy at Work

1. Local Government and Field Administration

2. State Government

3. Union Government

4. People’s Participation in the Democratic Process

15

Module 7: Contemporary India : Issues and Challenges

1. National Integration and Secularism 

2. Social Justice and Economic Justice 

3. Empowerment of Women and Equality of Opportunity 

4. Education and Health for All 

5. Environment and its qualitative improvement 

6. India and the world peace

13

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Topics

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Business Environment

• Introduction to Business
• Business Heritage of India
• Objectives of Business
• Social Responsibility of Business

12

Structure of Business Organisation

• Industry and Commerce
• Forms of Business Organisation

14

Service Sector and Business

• Transport
• Warehousing
• Communication
• Business Correspondence
• Postal Services

16

Banking and Insurance

• Banking
• Bank Deposit Account
• Negotiable Instruments
• Insurance

14

Selling and Distribution

• Purchase and Sale
• Channels of Distribution
• Large-scale Retail Trade
• Personal Selling
• Advertising
• Sales Promotion

16

Consumer Awareness

• Consumer- Rights and Responsibilities
• Wise- buying
• Consumer Protection
• Savings and Investment

16

Career Opportunities in Business

• Choosing a Career
• Entrepreneurship

12

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Units

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Module 1 Psychology and you 

Unit 1 – Understanding Human Nature 

Unit 2 – Introduction to Psychological Process 

Unit 3 Human Nature – Some Indian Perspectives

Unit 4 – Psychology in Your Life: Its Scope

15

Module 2 your Psychological Makeup

Unit 1 – Becoming Aware of the World

Unit 2 – Knowing and Understanding the World 

Unit 3 – Remembering and Forgetting

Unit 4 – Creating a World of Reality 

Unit 5 – Feeding the Inner World 

15

Module 3 Human Development Across Life Span 

Unit 1 – Development and Its Stages 

Unit 2 – Nature – Nature Issue

Unit 3 – Childhood 

Unit 4 – Adolescence And its Challenges

 Unit 5 – Adulthood and Aging 

10

Module 4 Society and You 

Unit 1 –Social Institutions and Human Behavior

Unit 2 - Human Behaviour in Group Setting 

Unit 3 – Leadership 

Unit 4 – Communication: Basic Concepts 

Unit 5 – Social Problems 

10

Module 5 Your Well Being 

Unit 1 – What is Well-being?

Unit 2 – Hindrances in Achieving Happiness 

Unit 3 – Mental Health And Hygiene 

Unit 4 – Positive Psychology

Unit 5 – Controlling and Disciplining the Mind 

10

Module 6 Entry no Works life and Environmental Concerns 

Unit 1 – Preparing for the Vocational Role 

Unit 2 – Aptitude, interest and Job Requirements 

Unit 3 – Being Different

Unit 4 – Environmental Stress

10

Module 7 Yoga: A(way of Life

Unit 1- Healthy Mind in Healthy Body 

Unit 2 – Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra 

Unit 3 – Personality and its development 

Unit 4 – Yoga for Self-Development 

10

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Topics

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Module 1: Home Science in Everyday Life

• What is Home Science
• The Food That We Eat
• Fibres and Fabrics
• Home Maintenance
• Health and Environment

46

Module 2: My Family and I 

• My Family
• Resources of the family
• Rights and Responsibilities

39

TOTAL MARKS (THEORY)

85

TOTAL MARKS (PRACTICAL)

15

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Topics

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

1. Algebra 

• Number Systems
• Indices ( Exponents )
• Radicals( Surds ) 
• Algebraic Expressions and Polynomials 
• Special Products and Factorisation
• Linear Equations
• Quadratic Equations
• Number Patterns 

26

2. Commercial Mathematics 

• Ratio and Proportion
• Percentage and its Applications
• Compound Interest
• Banking 

15

3. Geometry 

• Lines and Angles 
• Congruence of Triangles
• Concurrent Lines 
• Quadrilaterals 
• Similarity of Triangles
• Circles 
• Angles in a Circle and Cyclic Quadrilateral
• Secants , Tangents and their Properties 
• Constructions 
• Coordinate Geometry

25

4. Mensuration

• Area of Plane Figures 
• Surface Area and Volume of Solids

10

5. Trigonometry

• Introduction to Trigonometry
• Trigonometric Ratios of Some Special Angles

12

6. Statistics

• Data and their Representation
• Graphical Representation of Data
• Measures of Central Tendency
• Introduction to Probability

12

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Units

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Culture : Definition and Characteristics

Unit 1 : Culture : Meaning and Components

Unit 2 : Salient Features of Indian Culture

10

Indian Culture through the Ages

Unit 3 : Indian Culture through the Ages : Ancient India – I

Unit 4 : Indian Culture Through the Ages : Ancient India – II

Unit 5 : Indian Culture Through the Ages : Medieval India – I

Unit 6 : Indian Culture Through the Ages : Medieval India – II

Unit 7 : Indian Culture Through the Ages : Modern India

14

Languages and Literature

Unit 8 : Indian Languages and Literature – I

Unit 9 : Indian Languages and Literature – II

10

Indian Philosophical Thought

Unit 10 : Concept and Meaning of Philosophy

Unit 11 : Different Schools of Philosophy – I

Unit 12 : Different School of Philosophy – II

Unit 13 : Unity and Continuity in Indian Thought

10

Fine Arts

Unit 14 : Indian Art – Visual Arts – Painting and Sculpture

Unit 15 : Indian Art – Performing Arts – Music, Dance and Drama

Unit 16 : Indian Architecture

10

Science and Technology

Unit 17 : Science and Technology

Unit 18 : Science and Scientists of Ancient India – I

Unit 19 : Sciences and Scientists of Ancient India – II

Unit 20 : Science and Scientists of Medieval India

Unit 21 : Scientists of Modern India

12

Education

Unit 22 : Education System in Ancient India

Unit 23 : Famous Centres of Learning in Ancient India

Unit 24 : Contemporary Education System (Brief Historical Perspective and its Problems)

10

Social Structure

Unit 25 : Indian Social Structure ‘Varna’ and ‘Jati’ Systems

Unit 26 : Indian Value System ‘Purusharth’ and ‘Ashram’ System

Unit 27 : Concept of Family and Place of Woman in the Indian Society

Unit 28 : Some Contemporary Social Problems

12

Spread of Indian Culture Abroad

Unit 29 : Spread of Indian Culture Abroad : Modes

Unit 30 : Indian Culture in Central and East Asia

Unit 31 : Indian Culture in South East Asia

Unit 32 : Spread of Indian Culture Abroad – West Asia

12

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Topics

Weightage (in terms of Marks)

Evolution and Characteristics of Wants

• Evolution Of Wants
• Characteristics Of Wants

7

Human Wants and Production

• Human Wants And Economic Activities
• Goods And Services
• Production Of Goods And Services
•  Organisation Of Production

8

Increasing Production of Goods and Services

• Need For Increasing Production
• Scale Of Production

7

Distribution of Goods and Services

• Distribution
• Role Of Science And Technology

7

Buying of Goods and Services

• Buyers and Buying
• Means of Buying and Helping the Poor
•  Acquiring Means Of Buying
• Helping The Poor
• Factors Effecting Buying

7

Selling of Goods and Services

• Sellers
• The Process of Selling
• Prices of Goods and Services
• Quantities Sold And Purchased

8

Savings: Banks, Post Offices and Insurance

• Savings
• Savings In Banks And Post Offices
• Savings For Insurance

8

Understanding an Economy

• Meaning Of An Economy
• Types Of Economy
• Central Problems Of An Economy
• Solution Of The Central Problems

9

Indian Economy : An overview and problems

• Basic Features Of The Indian Economy
• Various Sectors Of Indian Economy
• Important Problems Before The Economy
• Consumer Awareness
• Planning

19

World Economy

• World Economy
• New Approach To Development
• World Trade

10

Environment and Sustainable Development

• Environment
• Sustainable Development

10

GRAND TOTAL

100

Module

Topics

Basics of Computer

•  Input and Output Devices  
• System Software and Application Software   Computer Language   
• Compiler and Assembler

Operating System 

• Desktop Elements  
• Locating Files and Folders  
• Changing System Setting  
• File Management in Windows  
• Installation of Software and Hardware

Basics of Word Processing

•  Starting Word Program  
• Word Screen Layout  
• Typing Screen Objects  
• Managing Documents  
• Protecting and Finding Documents 

Formatting Documents 

• Working with text  
• Formatting Paragraphs  
• Creating Bulleted and Numbered Lists  
• Spelling and Grammar 

Mail Merge

• Types of document in Mail merge  
• Creating data Source  
• Creating Mailing Labels  
• Merging Data into Main Document

Basics of Spreadsheet 

• Selecting, Adding and Renaming Worksheets  
• Modifying a Worksheet  
• Resizing Rows and Columns  
• Workbook Protection

Formatting Worksheets 

• Formatting Toolbar  
• Formatting Cells  
• Formatting Columns and Rows  
• Protect and Unprotect Worksheets 

Formulas, Functions and Charts 

• Copying a Formula  
• Types of Functions  
• Types of Charts  
• Auto shapes and Smart art 

Creating Presentation  

• Creating Slides  
• Slide Sorter View  
• Changing Slide Layouts  
• Moving Between Slides