National Defence Academy Exam
National Defence Academy Exam

NDA Syllabus 2025: Download NDA Maths & GAT Paper Syllabus PDF

NDA syllabus has been released along with the official notification by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on their official website. The NDA 1 exam will be conducted on April 13, 2025.
UPSC NDA Syllabus 2025

UPSC NDA Syllabus 2025

NDA Syllabus 2025: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), which administers the NDA exam, releases the NDA syllabus with the official announcement on its website. The NDA syllabus 2025 includes all the topics and sub-topics of the subjects from where questions are asked in the examination. The UPSC prescribes a syllabus aligned with the NDA Exam Pattern. Candidates wishing to take the UPSC NDA exam 2025 must cover Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, English, General Science, Indian History & Freedom Movement, and Current Events. While Mathematics is held as a separate paper, other subjects of the NDA written examination are combined into the General Aptitude Test (GAT). 

The preparation for the NDA exam 2025 must be as per the syllabus and exam pattern prescribed by the examination authority. Therefore, candidates must go through the detailed NDA Syllabus PDF released on the official website of UPSC. The detailed syllabus below in the article can assist candidates in strategizing their NDA preparation.

NDA Syllabus PDF (Download)

NDA Syllabus 2025

The written examination is the first stage of the NDA selection process. The NDA 1 exam will be held on April 13, 2025. The written exam constitutes two papers: Mathematics & General Ability Test. Paper I is a mathematics paper and Paper II is the General Aptitude Test. The Mathematics paper has questions up to the Class 12 level. The GAT paper covers questions from Physics, Chemistry, General Science, Indian History, and Current Affairs.

NDA Maths Syllabus 2025

The NDA Math paper assesses the candidate’s ability to solve mathematical problems up to Class 12 level in a limited duration of time. The syllabus includes topics that are mostly covered in the NCERT books. Aspirants should have knowledge of all topics and sub-topics that are covered in the NDA math syllabus. To learn more about the detailed syllabus, candidates can check the table below:

Topics

Sub-Topics

ALGEBRA

  • Concept of set, operations on sets, Venn diagrams.
  • De Morgan laws, Cartesian product, relation, equivalence relation.
  • Representation of real numbers on a line. 
  • Complex numbers—basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unity. 
  • Binary system of numbers. 
  • Conversion of a number in a decimal system to a binary system and vice-versa. 
  • Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. 
  • Quadratic equations with real coefficients. 
  • Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs. 
  • Permutation and Combination.
  • Binomial theorem and its applications. 
  • Logarithms and their applications. 

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

  • Types of matrices, operations on matrices. 
  • Determinant of a matrix, basic properties of determinants. 
  • Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, Applications-Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramer’s rule and by Matrix Method. 

TRIGONOMETRY

  • Angles and their measures in degrees and in radians.
  • Trigonometric ratios. 
  • Trigonometric identities Sum and difference formulae. 
  • Multiple and Sub-multiple angles. Inverse trigonometric functions. 
  • Applications-Height and distance, properties of triangles. 

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY OF TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS

  • Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate system. 
  • Distance formula.
  • Equation of a line in various forms. 
  • Angle between two lines.
  • Distance of a point from a line. 
  • Equation of a circle in standard and in general form. 
  • Standard forms of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. 
  • Eccentricity and axis of a conic. 
  • Point in a three dimensional space, distance between two points. 
  • Direction Cosines and direction ratios. 
  • Equation two points. 
  • Direction Cosines and direction ratios. 
  • Equation of a plane and a line in various forms.
  • Angle between two lines and angle between two planes. 
  • Equation of a sphere. 

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

  • Concept of a real valued function–domain, range and graph of a function. 
  • Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions. 
  • Notion of limit, Standard limits—examples.
  • Continuity of functions—examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. 
  • Derivative of function at a point, geometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative—applications.
  • Derivatives of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, derivative of a composite function. 
  • Second order derivatives. 
  • Increasing and decreasing functions. 
  • Application of derivatives in problems of maxima and minima. 

INTEGRAL CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

  • Integration as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions.
  • Evaluation of definite integrals—determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves—applications.
  • Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. 
  • General and particular solution of differential equations, solution of first order and first degree differential equations of various types—examples.
  • Application in problems of growth and decay. 

VECTOR ALGEBRA

  • Vectors in two and three dimensions, magnitude and direction of a vector. 
  • Unit and null vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication of a vector, scalar product or dot product of two vectors. 
  • Vector product or cross product of two vectors.
  • Applications—work done by a force and moment of a force and in geometrical problems. 

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Statistics

  • Classification of data, Frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution—examples. 
  • Graphical representation—Histogram, Pie Chart, frequency polygon— examples. 
  • Measures of Central tendency—Mean, median and mode. 
  • Variance and standard deviation—determination and comparison. 
  • Correlation and regression.

Probability

  • Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events.
  • Union and Intersection of Events.
  • Complementary, elementary and composite events. 
  • Definition of probability—classical and statistical—examples. 
  • Elementary theorems on probability—simple problems. 
  • Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem—simple problems. 
  • Random variable as function on a sample space. 
  • Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binomial distribution. 

NDA Maths Marking Scheme

The NDA Math paper consists of 120 questions. The question paper carries a total of 300 marks. The marking scheme for the NDA mathematics paper is tabulated below:

Particulars

Details

Total Questions

120

Total Marks

300

Marks per Question

2.5

Negative Marking

0.83

Duration of the Exam

2.5 hours

NDA Maths Topic-wise Weightage

Since the NDA Math paper syllabus is comprehensive, it is essential to know the question weightage for each topic. Candidates must concentrate on topics that will be highly weighted in the examination. It is crucial to remember, however, that applicants must cover all topics in order to achieve the maximum mark in the paper.

The question weightage for each topic is listed below based on experts and NDA previous year's question paper trends. It is crucial to remember that question weightage is subject to vary at the discretion of the conducting body each year.

Topics

Question Weightage

Algebra

25-35

Calculus

20-30

Statistics & Probability

8-15

Coordinate Geometry

10-15

Vector Algebra

5-8

Matrices & Determinants

5-8

Trigonometry

10-15

NDA GAT Syllabus 2025

The NDA GAT paper is divided into two sections. Section A contains English language questions that assess applicants' understanding of English comprehension and grammar. The Section B of the GAT paper consists of questions from subjects like Indian History & Freedom Movement, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, General Science, and Current Affairs.

The detailed NDA GAT syllabus is outlined below:

Topics

Sub-Topics

ENGLISH

  • Grammar and usage, vocabulary, comprehension and cohesion in extended text to test the candidate’s proficiency in English. 

PHYSICS

  • Physical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Specific Gravity, Principle of Archimedes, Pressure Barometer.
  • The motion of objects, Velocity and Acceleration, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Force and Momentum, Parallelogram of Forces, Stability and Equilibrium of bodies, Gravitation, elementary ideas of work, Power and Energy.
  • Effects of Heat, Measurement of Temperature and Heat, change of State and Latent Heat, Modes of Transference of Heat.
  • Sound waves and their properties, Simple musical instruments.
  • Rectilinear propagation of Light, Reflection and refraction.
  • Spherical Mirrors and Lenses, Human Eye.
  • Natural and Artificial Magnets, Properties of a Magnet, Earth as a Magnet.
  • Static and Current Electricity, conductors and Nonconductors, Ohm’s Law, Simple Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic effects of Current, Measurement of Electrical Power, Primary and Secondary Cells, and Use of X-Rays.

CHEMISTRY

  • Physical and Chemical changes. Elements, Mixtures and Compounds, Symbols, Formulae and simple Chemical Equations, Law of Chemical Combination (excluding problems).
  • Properties of Air and Water.
  • Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide, Oxidation and Reduction.
  • Acids, bases and salts. Carbon—different forms.
  • Fertilizers—Natural and Artificial.
  • The material used in the preparation of substances like Soap, Glass, Ink, Paper, Cement, Paints, Safety Matches and gun powder.
  • Elementary ideas about the structure of Atoms, Atomic Equivalent and Molecular Weights, and Valency. 

GENERAL SCIENCE

  • Difference between the living and nonliving. Basis of Life—Cells, Protoplasms and Tissues. 
  • Growth and Reproduction in Plants and Animals.
  • Elementary knowledge of the Human Body and its important organs.
  • Common Epidemics, their Causes and Prevention.
  • Food—Source of Energy for man. Constituents of food, Balanced Diet. 
  • The Solar System—Meteors and Comets, Eclipses.
  • Achievements of Eminent Scientists. 

HISTORY & FREEDOM MOVEMENT

  • A broad survey of Indian History, with emphasis on Culture and Civilisation.
  • Freedom Movement in India. 
  • Elementary study of Indian Constitution and Administration. 
  • Elementary knowledge of Five Year Plans of India. 
  • Panchayati Raj, Co-operatives and Community Development. 
  • Bhoodan, Sarvodaya, National Integration and Welfare State, Basic Teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Forces shaping the modern world; Renaissance, Exploration and Discovery; War of American Independence. 
  • French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Russian Revolution. 
  • Impact of Science and Technology on Society. 
  • Concept of one World, United Nations, Panchsheel, Democracy, Socialism and Communism. 
  • Role of India in the present world. 

GEOGRAPHY

  • The Earth, its shape and size, Latitudes and Longitudes, Concept of time. 
  • International Date Line. 
  • Movements of Earth and their effects. 
  • Origin of Earth. 
  • Rocks and their classification; Weathering—Mechanical and Chemical, Earthquakes and Volcanoes. 
  • Ocean Currents and Tides.
  • Atmosphere and its composition; Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure, Planetary Winds, Cyclones and Anticyclones; Humidity; Condensation and Precipitation; Types of Climate, Major Natural Regions of the World. 
  • Regional Geography of India—Climate, Natural vegetation. 
  • Mineral and Power resources; location and distribution of agricultural and Industrial activities. 
  • Important Sea ports and main sea, land and air routes of India. 
  • Main items of Imports and Exports of India. 

CURRENT EVENTS

  • Knowledge of Important events that have happened in India in the recent years. 
  • Current important world events.
  • Prominent personalities—both Indian and International including those connected with cultural activities and sports. 

NDA GAT Marking Scheme

The NDA GAT paper consists of 150 questions for a total of 600 marks. Candidates must be aware of the marking scheme as prescribed by UPSC on their official website in the NDA official notification. Aspirants can check the table to learn more about the GAT marking scheme below:

Particulars

Details

Total Questions Asked

150 

Total Marks

600

Marks for Each Correct Answer

4

NDA Negative Marking

1.33

Duration of the Exam

2.5 hours

NDA GAT Topic-wise Weightage

The Part A of the NDA GAT paper comprises 50 questions of English Language and the Part B comprises 100 questions from different topics. The weightage for the topic as mentioned in the official UPSC NDA notification 2022 is discussed below:

Topic

Weightage

Physics

25%

Chemistry

15%

History

20%

Geography

20%

General Science

10%

Current Events

10%

Note: The topic-wise weightage is subject to change at the discretion of UPSC.

NDA SSB Interview Syllabus 2025

After the conclusion of the written examination, UPSC releases the NDA result on its official website. Candidates who clear the NDA Cutoff are called for the SSB Interview round. A total of five days are allocated to the NDA SSB Interview process, divided into two stages. Candidates can check the below to learn more about the SSB Interview round:

  • Stage I consists of two tests: the Officer Intelligence Rating (OIR) and the Picture Perception and Description Test (PP&DT). A combination of the performance in the OIR Test and the PP&DT will determine which candidates will be shortlisted.
  • During Stage II, candidates will be required to undergo an interview, group testing officer tasks, psychological tests, and a conference. These tests are conducted over the course of four days. 

Also Read: NDA SSB Interview Exam Pattern 2025

NDA Preparation

Aspirants who are in Class 12 and are planning to do NDA preparation must know the detailed syllabus outlined in the official notification. The syllabus allows candidates to scheme out the preparation strategy in accordance with the exam pattern. Interested candidates can learn more about the NDA preparation below.

How to Prepare for NDA Exam?

  • Download NDA Syllabus PDF and go through it
  • Check the NDA Exam Pattern.
  • Practice NCERTs for Mathematics to clear the basics
  • Follow and practice RS Aggarwal book for NDA/NA exam
  • Read newspaper daily to practice English Comprehension & Grammar
  • Go through concepts of different topics outlined in the Physics, Chemistry, and Geography syllabus and practice questions related to them.
  • NDA previous year question papers can be downloaded and practised to improve speed.
  • Identify your strengths and weaknesses and allocate time accordingly.

NDA Books

NDA books play an important role in effective preparation for the exam. Book selection should be orientated towards the prescribed syllabus of the NDA exam. It is essential to choose books that fulfill exam requirements while not deviating the candidates from their study approach. Candidates may discover more about NDA books below:

NDA Books for Mathematics

NCERT 11th and 12th.

RD Sharma

Mathematics for NDA and NA by RS Aggarwal

Pathfinder NDA & NA by Arihant Publications

NDA Books for GAT

NCERT books for all Subjects from Class 9

General Knowledge 2025 by Arihant Publication

Objective General English by SP Bakshi

Word Power Made Easy by Norman & Lewis

History of Modern India by Bipan Chandra

Latest Manorama Yearbook

Pratiyogita Darpan/ Competition Success Review for Current Affairs

Objective GK by Sanjiv Kumar & Lucent Publication for General Science

Wren & Martin for English

Read More: NDA Books 2025

Conclusion

NDA syllabus comprises various subjects from where questions are asked in the written examination. To pass this examination, students must extensively study many topics and sub-topics of these subjects. Candidates should choose a topic at a time, study it thoroughly, take notes, and prepare for the exam comprehensively.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How to study Current Affairs for the NDA exam?

Aspirants must read a newspaper daily to brush up their knowledge of current events. Current events related to the defense sector and changes in Indian Armed Forces must not be ignored.

What is the NDA syllabus for History?

The History section accounts for around 20% of the Part B of the GAT paper. Date and timeline of Indian Freedom Movement must be ardently learned to score well in this portion.

What is NDA Maths Syllabus?

The NDA Maths syllabus includes topics from higher secondary mathematics such as trigonometry, matrix and determinants, algebra, differential calculus, 2D and 3D geometry and so on. To do well in this segment, candidates must understand the mathematical fundamentals and concentrate on mastering easy strategies to acquire answers quickly.

How to study English for the NDA paper?

The English section of the NDA paper includes questions that will assess the candidates’ grammar knowledge, english comprehension, and other aspects of the language. Candidates must read newspapers, magazines, and novels to enhance their knowledge of the English language and can practice questions from books available in the market for NDA preparation.

Is NCERT enough to cover the NDA syllabus 2025?

NCERTs are very crucial to prepare for the NDA exam 2025. Most of the topics can be covered from NCERT books. However, student can also refer to other standards books once they are done with studying NCERT books.

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